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Transcription factors are often regarded as having two separable components: a DNA-binding domain (DBD) and a functional domain (FD), with the DBD thought to determine target gene recognition. While this holds true for DNA bindingin vitro, it appears thatin vivoFDs can also influence genomic targeting. We fused the FD from the well-characterized transcription factor Kruppel-like Factor 3 (KLF3) to an artificial zinc finger (AZF) protein originally designed to target the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) gene promoter. We compared genome-wide occupancy of the KLF3FD-AZF fusion to that observed with AZF. AZF bound to theVEGF-Apromoter as predicted, but was also found to occupy approximately 25,000 other sites, a large number of which contained the expected AZF recognition sequence, GCTGGGGGC. Interestingly, addition of the KLF3 FD re-distributes the fusion protein to new sites, with total DNA occupancy detected at around 50,000 sites. A portion of these sites correspond to known KLF3-bound regions, while others contained sequences similar but not identical to the expected AZF recognition sequence. These results show that FDs can influence and may be useful in directing AZF DNA-binding proteins to specific targets and provide insights into how natural transcription factors operate.

Original publication

DOI

10.1093/nar/gkv1380

Type

Journal article

Journal

Nucleic Acids Res

Publication Date

2016

Volume

44

Pages

3118 - 3130

Keywords

Binding Sites Chromatin/metabolism DNA/chemistry/metabolism DNA-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism Genome, Human HEK293 Cells Humans Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism Promoter Regions, Genetic Protein Binding Protein Structure, Tertiary Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism Transcription Factors/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics *Zinc Fingers